Be able to determine whether a compound is oxidized or reduced in an oxidation reduction reaction.
In some reactions, electrons are transferred from one atom or molecule to another or they get closer to one atom than another (they form polar bonds). The atom (or molecule) receiving the electron is said to get reduced (remember electrons have a negative charge so gaining electrons makes their overall charge more negative). The atom (or molecule) losing the electrons is said to be oxidized. The following can help you remember
Oxidation is loss of electrons, Reduction is Gain (OIL RIG)
2K + Cl2→2KCl in KCl, K has a positive charge (K+) thus is oxidized relative to K,
In KCl, Cl has a negative charge (Cl–) thus is reduced relative to to Cl2.
Some more rules:
Losing Hydrogen =oxidation
Gaining Hydrogen =reduction
Losing oxygen=reduction
Gaining oxygen=oxidation
Example
6CO2 + 6H2O→C6H12O6 + 6O2 (Equation for photosynthesis)
Carbon dioxide gains hydrogen and is reduced
Water loses hydrogens and is oxidized
Try the following (more on the group worksheet)
In the following reactions which compound or element is oxidized and which is reduced?
2Ca + O2 →2CaO
CH3CH2OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O
For the following know (1) Where they occur (2) what is produced and what is used (ATP, NADH, carbon dioxide etc)—Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle(including the preparation step) , Oxidative Phosphorylation
Here are some useful exercises on Glycolysis the Krebs Cycle and Oxidative Phosphorylation
Know the order of events in respiration
In the activity below you will see terms as well as steps. Drag “step 1” to the process which is the first step among those listed. If you are correct, the step and process will disappear. Continue until all of the steps are gone. How fast can you do this?
Here are some more review activities
This is best done with “Wordshoot”
Be able to rank the energy levels for different components.
Remember the rules of thermodynamics. If 1 molecule of compound A is used to make 10 molecules of compound B, then (if there are no other energy sources) compound A must have more energy per molecule than compound B. Use this worksheet to help you:
Be able to compare respiration and fermentation. When does fermentation occur? What purpose does it serve?
This video will be useful. A key point is that the purpose of fermentation is to produce NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue.
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4yupGRlB0iA]
For each of the following, know where they are made and where they use (The light cycle or Calvin Cycle): ATP, NADPH, NADP+, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Sugars.
There is a table in the group worksheet for this.
Here is a video quiz on the light cycle.
Be able to draw out and analyze experiments as shown on the photosynthesis worksheet. See the group worksheet. You also look at this experiment which is relevant to both chapters 9 and 10
Chemiosomotic Principle Experiment
Be able to interpret an action spectrum and distinguish it from an absorbance spectrum
Plants move toward light. The image below shows how the relationship between the wavelength of light and the degree of movement. This is an action spectrum, because it measures a plant response as a function of wavelength. This can be compared to an absorbance spectrum which measures absorbance of light as a function of wavelength (like our first lab). What would you predict about the absorbance spectrum of a pigment that was responsible for the response in the graph below? What would be a good title for this graph. (Answer these questions and submit as a reply to this blog for worksheet credit)
Be able to diagram a chloroplast and show where the Calvin cycles and light cycles take place.
Use this link to diagram and a label chloroplast and a mitochondrion and fill in the table in the second slide. Each of these 3 can be done for worksheet credit. To draw freehand use the “scribble” function which can be found using the tiny arrow next to the diagonal line under “tools”. This exercise is similar to the cell drawing exercise we did in class. The site we used can not be use for this exercise since it goes away when closed.
Chloroplast/mitochondrion drawing
The table is useful for this objective:
Be able to compare respiration with photosynthesis. Which processes do they have in common?
