Suppose all we had was your DNA. Could we tell
(A) Your eye color?
(B) Whether you would get type 2 diabetes? (In type 2 diabetes, the person makes but does not respond to insulin. It is usually associated with poor diet and lack of exercise
(C) Whether you would get sickle cell anemia?
(D) How tall your are?
(E) Whether you would get cystic fibrosis
(F) Whether you would be a good sprinter?
(Take a look at this)
(G) What your skin color is? (use information from the human skin color exercise, if you did it)
(H) Whether you would be a good chess player?
(I) What else might we able to tell?
(A) Yes.
(B) No; it sounds like type 2 diabetes is based, at least partially, on environmental factors, rather than genotype.
(C) Yes; sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive condition, which can be determined by genotype.
(D) Yes, to some extent; height is determined mostly by genotype, but environmental factors, such as nutrition, can affect height as well.
(E) Yes; cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive condition.
(F) No; being a good sprinter is due to a combination of genotype, and probably a number of different genes within the genotype, and environment.
(G) Yes, to some extent; the human skin color exercise suggests that melanin production can be traced back to genotype, but it is not completely accurate or predictable.
(H) No; being a good chess player is similar to being a good sprinter in this respect. It can likely be attributed to multiple genes, not just one gene, as well as environmental factors.
(I) Theoretically, any inheritable trait could be determined by genotype – including hair color, inheritable conditions, etc.
(A) Your eye color? Yes
(B) Whether you would get type 2 diabetes? (In type 2 diabetes, the person makes but does not respond to insulin. It is usually associated with poor diet and lack of exercise)
There are some genetic mutations that are associated with type 2 DM, so I would say that it is possible to see this on our DNA. However, I think a person’s nutrition and overall BMI might be a better indicator than looking at our DNA.
(C) Whether you would get sickle cell anemia? Yes. My research states that an individual who inherits only one trait from their parents has sickle cell trait, and will not have the disease. However, if an individual has two copies of this gene from both parents they will have sickle cell anemia, so I would assume we could see this gene on our DNA.
(D) How tall your are? I don’t think you could determine precisely how tall someone is based on their DNA. However, I do think an individuals height is heavily influenced by genetics and you can tell if someone will be taller vs. shorter based on their genetics and DNA.
(E) Whether you would get cystic fibrosis? Yes, there is one gene that causes this disease. Mutations in this gene would cause cystic fibrosis.
(F) Whether you would be a good sprinter? I think there is some truth to this. There have been several genes associated with athletic performance and these genes have been shown to influence fiber type that make up muscles. So theoretically, if an individual expressed these genes on their DNA, they might produce a muscle type more conducive to sprinting and aerobic exercise.
(G) What your skin color is? (use information from the human skin color exercise, if you did it) I completed the activity on mice fur coat, but I assume skin color is also determined somewhat by DNA as well. There was a certain gene that determined whether or not the mouse had lighter or darker coat color, much like the genes involved in skin color.
(H) Whether you would be a good chess player? There is not a gene (that I’m aware of) that will tell you if you’re going to be a good chess player or not. I think overall intelligence is influenced by both genetics and environment an individual grows up in, but again, this will not imply whether or not you’ll be good at chess.
(I) What else might we able to tell? It can tell you about your hair color, chances of getting cancer (ie. Breast cancer), and your chances of getting diseases such as Huntington’s.
Suppose all we had was your DNA. Could we tell
(A) Your eye color? Yes
(B) Whether you would get type 2 diabetes? No because In type 2 diabetes, the person makes but does not respond to insulin. It is usually associated with poor diet and lack of exercise.
(C) Whether you would get sickle cell anemia? Yes, this is told by a gene.
(D) How tall your are? No, height is determined 80% by DNA but the genes these variants are in and what they do to affect height isn’t fully understood.
(E) Whether you would get cystic fibrosis? Yes, DNA will tell this.
(F) Whether you would be a good sprinter? No, it has partially to do with genes but also environmental factors as well.
(Take a look at this)
Soccer Genomics
(G) What your skin color is? (use information from the human skin color exercise, if you did it) Yes somewhat. Skin color can be traced back to a genotype but isn’t 100% accurate.
(H) Whether you would be a good chess player? No, this is partially to do with genes, but is also environmental factors as well.
(I) What else might we able to tell? Predispositions to diseases, hair color, health conditions, ancestry
A- Yes, this is based on genes with some environmental influence, but ultimately is fixed.
B- No, this is based on poor diet or proper exercise
C- Yes, this is a genetic trait, not something acquired
D- Probably a rough idea, but not absolutely, as proper nutrition is required for normal growth
E- Yes, this is a genetic condition
F- No, this is a learned skill. There are certainly genetic factors though
G- To a degree you can tell a baseline, but based on exposure to light, it may be lighter or darker
H- No, this is a learned skill
I- You can tell rough physical traits, height, eye color, hair color and other conditions caused by genetic defects, like klinefelters.
A) Yes, you could discern eye color
B) No, not whether you would get type 2 diabetes since onset of this disease is due to cumulative effects of lifestyle. You might be able to guess who is more predisposed based on family history or confounding factors like other medical conditions, but there is not a gene associated with type 2 diabetes.
C) Yes, sickle cell is a genetic condition.
D) You could not determine an individual’s exact height but could probably make a relatively decent guess.
E) Yes, cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition.
F) We could look at genes which contribute to physical characteristics which might make someone more athletic, but not whether they would most definitely be a good sprinter or not.
G) You could guess at skin color based on the presence of some genes, but only 20-35% of skin color is determined by the gene studied in the skin color exercise.
H) No, not if you would be a good chess player.
I) We could tell if a person might have a more ambiguous sex, any genetic diseases or if an individual might be a carrier for a sex linked disorder, and predisposition to certain diseases.
A. Yes
B. DNA testing would be able to identify if you had a mutation that would lead you prone to type 2 diabetes, but not tell you if you are for sure going to get it or if you have it. The genetic components would tell you how high your risk of getting it would be, but not if you directly are going to get it.
C. Yes. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a single code letter change in the DNA which changes/alters the amino acid in the hemoglobin protein. This condition is an autosomal recessive trait, so the child would need to have inherited the trait from both of their parents in order to have the condition.
D. You might not be able to determine the exact height, but you would be able to get an estimate of how tall you should be or which parent you will have a height resemblance with. My research told me that there are over 700 genes that play a role in height so it would be hard to know exactly how tall your genes are telling you body you should be
E. Yes, DNA testing is one of the ways that cystic fibrosis is diagnosed. DNA testing would tell you whether you carry the mutation for the CFTR gene.
F. I initially thought no, but after some research, I believe it may be possible to identify whether you would have the genes to support enhanced muscle power and have increased athletic performance. The video was very cheesy and I feel like it would be hard to tell since it is a combination of certain genes and lifestyles that play a role in athleticism.
G. Yes, to some extent because human skin color, as seen in previous exercises, is determined by our melanosomes and levels of melanin production. Though it would help give an idea, it will not be 100% accurate in determining skin color.
H. No, this would most likely have to do with environmental aspects
I. Whether we are predisposed to certain conditions, hair color, hormone levels, health conditions, genetic defects, etc.
A) Yes.
B) No. DNA will indicate if you have an increased likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes but the disease is also dependent on environmental factors and lifestyle. Someone who has a higher likelihood of developing the disease may prevent it by living a healthy lifestyle while someone who is genetically unlikely to develop the disease may still do so if they do not live a healthy lifestyle. Family history, diet, exercise, and obesity all play a role in whether someone develops type 2 diabetes.
C) Yes, sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder caused by a mutation in a hemoglobin gene.
D) No, but it can be used to predict how tall you will be and this is becoming more accurate as our technology and knowledge develops. However, other factors such as diet, hormones, and physical activity levels can also affect height.
E) Yes, this is an inherited disorder.
F) It would tell if you have the genetic build of a good sprinter, as genetics determine muscle fiber type, VO2max, and other athletic qualities. However, these can also be influenced by training, diet, and other environmental factors. For example, training can be used to alter how type 2a muscle fibers behave so that they act more like type 1 (oxidative/aerobic) or type 2x (fast glycolytic/sprinting).
G) There are 34 genes affecting human skin color. Using these, the amount and type of melanin can be predicted but it is not 100% accurate for determining skin color as environmental factors can also have an affect.
H) No, having the intelligence and skill to be a good chess player may be due in part to genetics but there is no specific gene for it. Environmental factors would play a larger role as it is a skill that is taught.
I) Genetic diseases, predispositions for genetic conditions, other physical traits such as hair color, sex, and ancestry.
(A) Yes, eye color could be determined by looking at multiple genes.
(B) No, type 2 diabetes wouldn’t be indicated by DNA since it can be largely dependent upon environmental and lifestyle factors beyond genetics.
(C) Yes sickle cell anemia could be determined from DNA because it is a genetically inherited condition. It follows an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern which would require an affected copy of the gene from both parents.
(D) Yes, mostly. There are multiple genes that contribute toward the height of an individual that are inherited from their parents. But, a person’s nutrition and activity may also account for aspects of their height, making it difficult to predict from DNA alone.
(E) Yes, cystic fibrosis is a genetic disease and dependent upon the genes inherited from the person’s parents allowing it to be determined from a persons DNA.
(F) Partially. Athletic performance may be aided by physical traits such as cardiovascular endurance, strength of skeletal muscles and the composition of fibers which are determined genetically. However, other environmental factors would also contribute toward a person being a good sprinter.
(G) Yes there are many genes that provide a good indication of skin color. But as in the skin color exercise, these genes contribute in varying degrees so skin color wouldn’t be entirely predictable from DNA alone.
(H) Not really. There may be certain genes that might prove to be advantageous in learning to play chess but since a person must develop this skill most of the persons ability to play chess would be accounted from factors that are not genetic.
(I) DNA would show any physical characteristics, since this is determined by proteins and the blueprint for those proteins is in DNA. Additionally, DNA accounts for any genetic diseases since they originate from changes in the DNA sequence.
A: yes, there are specific genes for eye color
B: no, because type 2 diabetes has to do with lifestyle and if people are physically active or eating healthy or not; this could not be determined through genetics
C: yes, sickle cell is a disease that is determined by genetic mutation, so you could see whether or not this would be manifested by looking at someone’s genes
D: no, you wouldn’t be able to tell solely off looking at someone’s genes; however, genes do play a role in someone’s height but it also has to do with other environmental factors
E: yes, cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder so looking at the mutated gene could determine whether or not a person will have it
F: no, not solely based on genes but I do believe that someone’s genetic disposition has a great influence on their athletic ability; some people are naturally athletic due to their genes but environmental factors (such as practice, diet, and exercise) play a role in what skill level they achieve
G: yes, genes code for the specific amount of melanin; as we learned though, environmental and geographical factors can alter skin color, by also changing the genes
H: no, this is too specific and would not be able to be determined just by looking at genes; being smart can be genetic but learning to be good at chess requires practice and other environmental factors
I: examining genes can be useful for looking at someone’s physical characteristics such as hair color, eye color as well as if someone has genetic predispositions for diseases and other important info about your heritage
(A) yes because eye color is determined by your parents DNA and green eyes are recessive therefore you would have gotten 2 recessive copies of the gene from your parents.
(B) Type two diabetes as previously described is bases on lifestyle choices eating habits and environmental factors not genotype.
(C) sickle cell anemia is shown as a mutated gene and is a inherited genetic condition so, scientists can tell weather or not you have it.
(D) Your height can somewhat be determined by your DNA but, other environmental and lifestyle choices also contribute.
(E)this is again an inherited genetic condition making it identifiable in your DNA.
(F) your athletic ability is mostly determined by your lifestyle choices such as being active and eating healthy although your genes may determine that you will have the physical attributes of a good runner which can contribute to how easy if would be for you to gain skill in running.
(G) your skin color can most definitely be determined by your DNA or more specifically how much melanin you have in your skin cells although as we learned in the exercise your location/climate or environmental adaptation factors may also contribute.
(H)no chess is based on mental abilities and although there are some theories of the minds of geniuses practice in logic is what ultimately determines your chess abilities.
(I) As an example 23 and me uses your genes to tell you lots of things such as paternity, if you have any conditions like sickle cell anemia, if you are pre disposed for any health conditions, your hair and eye color and even things such as ancestry or where you originated from.
Yes, eye color genes can be determined by looking at them
No, this is based on external physical factors such as poor diet and lack of exercise.
Yes because sickle cell anemia is a genetic trait.
I don’t think we could know Height from DNA, it could predict how tall you could get in the future but not in that moment.
Yes you could because again cystic fibrosis is also a genetic condition that depends on the genes you inherit.
No but There are genetic factors that can help determine if you would be a good athlete as in terms of athletic build.
yes but from the skin exercise you could not determine skin color from DNA testing alone.
No because chess is a skill that is to be learn not something that could be passed down through DNA
Something that could be determined through DNA testing is anything regarding genetic diseases, Physical traits, and sex.
(A) Your eye color?
Yes due to specificity of genes.
(B) Whether you would get type 2 diabetes? (In type 2 diabetes, the person makes but does not respond to insulin. It is usually associated with poor diet and lack of exercise.
No you cannot tell this from genetic code but rather diet and exercise will determine.
(C) Whether you would get sickle cell anemia?
Yes because this is passed down due to a mutation
(D) How tall your are?
I don’t think you can determine this only from looking at DNA.
(E) Whether you would get cystic fibrosis
Yes because it is a genetic disorder
(F) Whether you would be a good sprinter?
No but after doing the activity on physical activity, I think you may be able to see certain characteristics that may determine testosterone levels.
(Take a look at this)
Soccer Genomics
(G) What your skin color is? (use information from the human skin color exercise, if you did it)
Yes but to an extent because only a small fraction of skin color is determined by the gene so other factors have to be considered.
(H) Whether you would be a good chess player?
No because there are so many other factors that go into this like environment and this is learned
(I) What else might we able to tell?
DNA accounts for certain physical traits! Additionally, our predisposition to certain conditions or risk factors can be identified
Suppose all we had was your DNA. Could we tell
(A) Your eye color?
Yes.
(B) Whether you would get type 2 diabetes? (In type 2 diabetes, the person makes but does not respond to insulin. It is usually associated with poor diet and lack of exercise.
No. Type 2 diabetes is related to lifestyle choices.
(C) Whether you would get sickle cell anemia?
Yes. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic condition.
(D) How tall you are?
Yes, partially. Genetics play some role in how tall you are, however, nutrition can also impact this trait.
(E) Whether you would get cystic fibrosis
Yes. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic condition.
(F) Whether you would be a good sprinter?
No. This is a physical trait that is learned.
(Take a look at this)
Soccer Genomics
(G) What your skin color is? (use information from the human skin color exercise, if you did it)
Yes, partially. Human skin color is genetically passed down, however, can be altered by the sun or skin conditions.
(H) Whether you would be a good chess player?
No. This is a learned trait.
What else might we able to tell?
Any genotype from a trait that is inherited, such as albinism, freckles, hairy knuckles, etc.
Hairy knuckles? I am not familiar with that trait. As far as sprinting goes, there is a particular allele for which elite sprinters are homozgyous. The other common allele is actually a non-functional allele for a protein called alpha-actinin, which is a muscle protein. Despite the fact that people completely lack the protein, there does not seem to be any medical issues involved. They may actually be better at distance and strength events. That allele seems to have arisen in cold climates and may improve muscle metabolism in colder weather.
This protein is mainly expressed in “fast twtich” muscle fibers which may explain it’s importance in sprinting
https://www.nature.com/articles/ijo201772#:~:text=The%20absence%20of%20%CE%B1%2Dactinin,reduced%20muscle%20strength%20and%20mass.
(A) Your eye color?
– Yes. An important genetic factor is a marker near a gene called OCA2 that affects how much brown pigment your cells produce, and thus how much brown pigment is in your eyes. Light eye colors are also due to certain gene variations.
(B) Whether you would get type 2 diabetes? (In type 2 diabetes, the person makes but does not respond to insulin. It is usually associated with poor diet and lack of exercise
-Not for sure. It could just be a possibility. Type 2 diabetes can be caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Not everyone who carries a mutation will get diabetes. However, many people with diabetes do have one or more of these mutations.
(C) Whether you would get sickle cell anemia?
-Yes. Sickle cell anemia is a recessive genetic disease. It is caused due to a mutation in a gene called hemoglobin beta (HBB), located on chromosome 11.
(D) How tall you are?
Yes, to a certain extent. 80 % of an individual’s height is determined by the DNA sequence variants they have inherited. However, nutrition and other environmental factors also determine a person’s height.
(E) Whether you would get cystic fibrosis.
Yes. Cystic fibrosis is caused due to a genetic mutation. The person suffering from cystic fibrosis will carry a mutation of the CFTR gene.
(F) Whether you would be a good sprinter?
-I think we can to a certain extent. The ACTN3 gene is known as the “speed gene” or “sprinter gene” and is linked to power performance. However other environmental factors could also play a part.
(G) What your skin color is? (use information from the human skin color exercise, if you did it)
-Yes, I think your skin color can be determined. However I don’t think its entirely genetic.
(H) Whether you would be a good chess player?
-No. I think this is an acquired ability. But I think it may have something to do with IQ levels.
(I) What else might we able to tell?
-Hair color, chances of carrying or having a disease, probable information about where your ancestors could be from, etc.
When it comes to diabetes there are genetic factors (for both type 1 and type 2) but in most cases a blood sugar test will be more informative than a DNA test. Most common variants only have small effects on your risk.
How much of chess is “IQ” and how much is practice? Note that we can put a number on both of those, but people are probably going to be more certain on what your chess ranking actually means.
(A) Your eye color?
Yes, eye color is identifiable through DNA.
(B) Whether you would get type 2 diabetes? (In type 2 diabetes, the person makes but does not respond to insulin. It is usually associated with poor diet and lack of exercise
Partially. Genes can determine whether an individual is predisposed toward Type 2. While Type 2 is associated with poor diet and lack of exercise, the corollary of arguing that it is -solely- a result of poor diet and lack of exercise suggests that everyone with poor diet and lack of exercise is equally at risk of acquiring Type 2. This is not the case. While the genetic indicator is murky, we do know that Type 2 can be inherited, and thus expressed in one’s genes. The limitation is whether science can presently and accurately determine the genetic marker. That is murky, at best.
(C) Whether you would get sickle cell anemia?
Yes, sickle cell anemia is identifiable through DNA.
(D) How tall your are?
No. Height is determined by a combination of one’s genes and one’s environment. However, at the moment, it is not possible to identify precisely how tall someone may grow by their genes alone, nor is it possible to determine how tall someone is at an arbitrary point in time.
(E) Whether you would get cystic fibrosis
Yes, cystic fibrosis is identifiable through DNA.
(F) Whether you would be a good sprinter?
(Take a look at this)
Soccer Genomics
Partially. I believe this video is satire, but, like height, one’s musculature and athletic potential may be identifiable through DNA. However, at the moment, we cannot do so reliably.
(G) What your skin color is? (use information from the human skin color exercise, if you did it)
Partially. Skin color is, to an extent, determinable through DNA, but environmental factors can also influence this.
(H) Whether you would be a good chess player?
No, at least not yet. Science may advance to the point where it can determine mental capability through DNA.
(I) What else might we able to tell?
One primary use for genetic information is ancestry, which is a longstanding point of interest on both sides of my family. Through this ancestry research I’ve been able to learn that I share history with the Germans, the Chzechoslovakians, the Pennsylvania Dutch, and the Native Americans. My significant other boasts Polish heritage as well as a rich history of Quaker ancestry. Regaining these lost histories is a privilege offered by commercial genetic research, although DNA can also assist in predisposition for genetic diseases, phenotypic characteristics, and others.
Very interesting. Did you find anything in the genetic ancestry that you were not expecting? I had mind done and there was nothing very surprising. It did say that I had 1% native American ancestry which did not fit with any family history I was aware of. However, when I went back a year or so later, that was no longer shown indicating that either they got more information or changed their standards.
(A) Your eye color?
Yes
(B) Whether you would get type 2 diabetes? (In type 2 diabetes, the person makes but does not respond to insulin. It is usually associated with poor diet and lack of exercise.
Maybe. There is not a specific gene that says 100% if you will get type 2 diabetes, but if you have any family members with the disease, you are at an elevated risk of developing it as well. Environment/diet/exercise plays a big role.
(B) Whether you would get sickle cell anemia?
Yes.
(D) How tall you are?
Maybe. Similar to the type 2 diabetes pattern, height is partially genetic and partially environmental factors. If you have a lot of tall people in your family, you are more likely to be tall, but if you have a lack of nutrition you may not reach that potential.
(E) Whether you would get cystic fibrosis.
Yes.
(F) Whether you would be a good sprinter?
Maybe. If your parents are both Olympic gold-medalist sprinters, you could be genetically predisposed to being skilled at sprinting. However, your environment would determine if you reach the full genetic potential.
(G) What your skin color is? (use information from the human skin color exercise, if you did it)
Sort of. Somebody could make a good prediction that you have ancestors in Europe if you have the A allele (and therefore lighter skin), or if you had the G allele it would be more ambiguous. Even with these alleles there is a lot of variation in skin color/type.
(H) Whether you would be a good chess player?
No.
(I) What else might we able to tell?
Risk for cancer, risk for genetic diseases, risk for some mental illnesses, and random physical traits (widows peak, dimples, hair color, etc.)
Many physical traits such as widows peak, dimples etc are actually fairly complex and depend on both genetic and environmental factors.
(A) Yes.
(B) No.
(C) Yes, it is a condition that can be determined by analyzing DNA.
(D) No, height cannot be solely determined from your DNA.
(E) Yes, you can determine this by analyzing DNA.
(F) You can predict to a certain extent but not entirely.
(G) You can predict skin color to a certain extent.
(H) No, you cannot predict this.
(I) Traits such as likelihood to gain weight, lose weight, put on muscle, hair color, eye color.
(A) Your eye color?
Yes, you can determine eye color with just DNA.
(B) Whether you would get type 2 diabetes? (In type 2 diabetes, the person makes but does not respond to insulin. It is usually associated with poor diet and lack of exercise).
No you can not tell whether someone will get type 2 diabetes from only their DNA. Type 2 diabetes does have a genetic influence and therefore you can tell if someone will be predisposed to type 2 diabetes based on their genes, but you can not confirm or deny they will for a fact become type 2 diabetic from this alone. The disease is also dependent on many other factors such as lifestyle, environmental factors and habits.
(C) Whether you would get sickle cell anemia?
Yes, sickle cell anemia is a genetic condition. Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease that affects hemoglobin and therefore oxygen transportation throughout the blood. It is caused by a single code letter change in DNA, this in turn alters the amino acids in the hemoglobin protein causing red blood cells to become “sickle” shaped and become prone to getting stuck in small blood vessels. It is an autosomal recessive trait in which both of the parents must be at least carriers to pass it on to their child.
(D) How tall you are?
This one is a hard one, it is kind of yes and no. It is estimated that about 80 percent is determined by the DNA variants they inherited, however which genes these variants reside and what they do to affect height are not fully understood. For most people height is due to various genetic variants, plus environmental factors including nutrition. So while your height can not be fully devised from just your DNA, it can give a rough estimate.
(E) Whether you would get cystic fibrosis
Yes. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder. It like sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive disorder and therefore both parents must at least be carriers to pass this disease on to their child. Cystic fibrosis is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene.
(F) Whether you would be a good sprinter?
Overall no. DNA does contribute to a person’s ability to be a good sprinter, however it is not the sole reason why and therefore can not be determined alone by DNA. Environmental factors and lifestyle also contribute to one’s ability to sprint. Athletics is a complex trait that is determined by both genetics and environment. Physical traits help to determine a person’s athletic ability, as well as family support, economics, health and habits.
(G) What is your skin color? (use information from the human skin color exercise, if you did it)
Yes, skin color is due to the specific amount of melanin in one’s skin cells that is related to the SLC24A5 gene and its A and B alleles. However as we have learned through the fur and skin color assignment this gene alone does not determine skin color, there are also environmental factors that contribute, including geographical location and exposure to sunlight and its intensity.
(H) Whether you would be a good chess player?
No, being a good chess player has more to do with consistency and practice than it does DNA or genetics. This has more to do with environmental aspects such as training, and while it does take into account intelligence and skill, these qualities do not have a specific gene related to them.
(I) What else might we be able to tell?
From DNA one may also be able to tell genetic predispositions, sex, hair color, genetic defects and conditions and ancestry.
A) Your eye color?
yes, there is a genetic marker near a gene called OCA2 that affects how much brown pigment your cells produce if you have brown eyes that is.
(B) Whether you would get type 2 diabetes? (In type 2 diabetes, the person makes but does not respond to insulin. It is usually associated with poor diet and lack of exercise
Not 100% for sure meaning it could be a mix of genetic fixed and some environmental factors that affected the outcome. Type two diabetes is not shown to be one or the other.
(C) Whether you would get sickle cell anemia?
sickle cell is a recessive gene and the mutation on HBB is the cause of the mutated gene.
(D) How tall your are?
It is shown that 80% of height is genetic but the other 20% can be effected by the environment around the organism.
(E) Whether you would get cystic fibrosis
Yes considering this is a genetic mutation so the person would carry and pass down the mutated gene.
(F) Whether you would be a good sprinter?
There is not one for sure “speed” gene although we have seen links in those genes and speed. Environmental factors are a large contributer and I can say I am a great example given both parents were not fast.
(Take a look at this)
Soccer Genomics
(G) What your skin color is? (use information from the human skin color exercise, if you did it)
skin color is correlated to the level and kind of pigment you have in your skin. the more pigment you have the more protection your skin provides your cells which delays possible cancer agents.
(H) Whether you would be a good chess player?
This is not dictated by any genes. This is learned while genes do not directly affect chess, some may help with strategy.
(I) What else might we able to tell?
hair color, disease risk, cancer risk, it is easier than ever to know your family history and know what you might be at risk for given your family history.
Good you looked up OCA2. Even with something simple like eye color. DNA tests are not 100% accurate in predicting eye color.
A) Yes, you could tell eye color based off of DNA
B) No because onset of type 2 diabetes is typically based on environmental factors, not genetic makeup.
C) Yes, sickle cell anemia is a genetically inherited disease.
D) No I think genes could influence height, but you could not know an exact height from DNA alone.
E) Yes, DNA would show the mutation in the CFTR gene.
F) No, not based only on DNA alone. Genes could have a strong influence on one’s athletic ability but environmental factors such as diet and exercise could also impact a person’s performance.
G) Yes, to some extent, genes do determine human skin color. Genes code for the amount of melanin but there are also environmental factors that can alter human skin color.
H) No this is a skill that could not be determined by looking at a person’s DNA.
I) Based on DNA alone we could determine several physical traits such as gender, hair color, freckles. We could also tell any inherited genetic conditions.
Besides sunlight, what environmental factors affect skin color?