Be able to determine whether a compound is oxidized or reduced in an oxidation reduction reaction.
In some reactions, electrons are transferred from one atom or molecule to another or they get closer to one atom than another (they form polar bonds). The atom (or molecule) receiving the electron is said to get reduced (remember electrons have a negative charge so gaining electrons makes their overall charge more negative). The atom (or molecule) losing the electrons is said to be oxidized. The following can help you remember
Oxidation is loss of electrons, Reduction is Gain (OIL RIG)
2K + Cl2→2KCl in KCl, K has a positive charge (K+) thus is oxidized relative to K,
In KCl, Cl has a negative charge (Cl–) thus is reduced relative to to Cl2.
Some more rules:
Losing Hydrogen =oxidation
Gaining Hydrogen =reduction
Losing oxygen=reduction
Gaining oxygen=oxidation
Example
6CO2 + 6H2O→C6H12O6 + 6O2 (Equation for photosynthesis)
Carbon dioxide gains hydrogen and is reduced
Water loses hydrogens and is oxidized
In the following reactions which compound or element is oxidized and which is reduced?
2Ca + O2 →2CaO
CH3CH2OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 3H2O
Kaltura Video of respiration: What you need to know about cellular respiration:
2 more Respiration overview videos:
For the following know (1) Where they occur (2) what is produced and what is used (ATP, NADH, carbon dioxide etc)—Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle(including the preparation step) , Oxidative Phosphorylation
You can summarize the information using the following worksheet
Here is a video with embedded questions to understand electron transport:
Be able to label a mitochondrion and show where the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation take place
In the activity below you will see terms as well as steps. Drag “step 1” to the process which is the first step among those listed. If you are correct, the step and process will disappear. Continue until all of the steps are gone. How fast can you do this?
Here are some more review activities
This is best done with “Wordshoot”
Be able to rank the energy levels for different components.
Remember the rules of thermodynamics. If 1 molecule of compound A is used to make 10 molecules of compound B, then (if there are no other energy sources) compound A must have more energy per molecule than compound B. Use this worksheet to help you:
Be able to compare respiration and fermentation. When does fermentation occur? What purpose does it serve?
This video will be useful. A key point is that the purpose of fermentation is to produce NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue.
